NAD⁺ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) can occasionally crystallize due to changes in temperature, concentration, or environmental exposure. This typically occurs when a solution becomes too concentrated or is stored in an environment that is too cold.

To maintain stability, store NAD⁺ in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and moisture. Exposure to heat, humidity, or temperature fluctuations can also contribute to crystallization over time.

If your NAD⁺ has crystallized, you can often restore it by gently warming the vial in a water bath at approximately 37°C (98.6°F) until the crystals dissolve. Avoid applying direct heat, as this can degrade the NAD⁺. Once warmed, gently swirl or stir the vial—do not shake vigorously.

After the crystals have fully dissolved, store the solution in a refrigerator at a consistent, cool temperature. Always keep NAD⁺ away from heat, light, and moisture to prevent future crystallization. If the solution remains prone to crystal formation, further dilution may help improve stability.